Charlotte Fang

Charlotte Fang
Occupation	Conceptual artist, writer, theorist
Known for	Remilia Corporation, Milady Maker, Network Spirituality
Years active	2021–present
Website	https://goldenlight.mirror.xyz

Charlotte Fang is a conceptual artist, writer, and theorist who emerged in 2021 as the founder and creative director of Remilia Corporation, an art collective known for developing innovative approaches to digital art and cultural production. Fang is best known for creating the Milady Maker NFT collection and developing philosophical frameworks such as "network spirituality" and "post-authorship" that have significantly influenced digital art discourse.

Background and emergence

Charlotte Fang first appeared in the digital art scene in late 2020, formally announcing Remilia Corporation in January 2021. Initially presented as a Chinese fashion student at Central Saint Martins, Fang quickly established a distinctive presence within crypto art circles and the broader digital culture landscape.

Fang's artistic lineage connects to earlier online personas including Miya Black Hearted Cyber Angel Baby (2016–2020), an entity that developed experimental theory-fiction exploring accelerationism and posthuman identity. While operating as an "open secret," the connection between these personas remained deliberately ambiguous, consistent with Remilia's post-authorship philosophy that treats digital identities as fluid constructs rather than fixed individuals.

In May 2022, amid controversy surrounding these connections, Fang published "Admin Reveal: I said I'm just a vessel bro," acknowledging that Krishna Pandit Okhandiar was the legal identity behind the projects. Despite this revelation, Fang has continued to function as a distinct artistic identity and the public face of Remilia Corporation.

Artistic approach and philosophy

Fang's work centers on investigating how digital networks facilitate cultural transformation and spiritual exchange, treating technology not merely as a distribution tool but as a medium for collective consciousness. This approach builds upon accelerationist philosophy, cyberpunk tradition, and avant-garde art practices, with particular influence from the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (CCRU) and Andy Warhol's Factory collaborative model.

Fang has developed several key philosophical frameworks that inform Remilia's artistic output:

Network spirituality

Network Spirituality
Coined by	Remilia Corporation (FODCOM artist)
Field	New media, digital theory, internet philosophy

Network Spirituality posits that lucid participation in digital networks enables users to tap into collective consciousness from which greater truths can be derived. It suggests that effective online engagement involves treating network interaction as spiritual practice that facilitates access to shared creative intelligence beyond individual limitations.

Fang writes that "Transcendental posting, performative identity & post-authorship are a distinct archetype of engagement you'll find power users independently arrive on in any of the deep wells of internet culture."

The concept was introduced through Remilia's inaugural exhibition titled "I Long for Network Spirituality" in 2021, which featured a hybrid physical-digital presentation that demonstrated these principles through interactive social software components.

Post-authorship

Post-Authorship represents the dissolution of individual authorship in favor of collective creative consciousness. Fang argues that remixing is the natural mode of art-making online and that social mores around attribution often hinder a work's ability to propagate.

Fang writes: "Accepting the death of authorship recognizes and rejects the social mores that hamper an ability to freely use, modify and propagate artist's work." This philosophy positions creative work as emerging from network interactions rather than individual genius, encouraging use of pseudonymous avatars that enable ego-free expression and collaborative content creation.

New transcendentalism and other concepts

Other key philosophical frameworks developed by Fang include:

• Transcendental Turn - A position that rejects nihilism and atheistic materialism in favor of seeking eternal truth and beauty through lucid artmaking, with the artist functioning as conduit for forces beyond individual consciousness.

• Neo-Orientalism - Fang's term for ongoing cultural dialogue between Eastern and Western underground scenes where subcultural aesthetics cross-pollinate, particularly evident in Milady Maker's aesthetic synthesis of Japanese and Western visual elements.

• Left-Hand Style - A deliberately non-technically competent visual approach that challenges technical virtuosity as prerequisite for artistic validity, democratizing participation by encouraging DIY experimentation.

• Pseudophilosophy - The methodical structuring of hypothetical philosophical paradigms using fringe ideas as creative resources rather than truth claims, constructing speculative frameworks to illuminate overlooked aspects of digital culture.

Creative output

See also: Milady Maker and Remilia Corporation

Remilia Corporation

In 2021, Fang founded Remilia Corporation, a digital art collective named after the character Remilia Scarlet from the Japanese video game Touhou Project. The collective operates primarily within remote group chats, with members typically using screen names and handles, choosing not to disclose their real-life identities even among themselves.

Fang has described Remilia as "a fellowship of pseudonymous net art extremists" with practices that challenge conventional art world structures and expectations. The collective's work spans multiple mediums and platforms, deliberately blurring boundaries between art and commerce, individual and collective creation, digital and physical manifestation.

Unlike many comparable projects in the crypto space, Remilia has maintained independence from venture capital investment, a position Fang articulates as essential for preserving creative autonomy and authentic cultural positioning.

Milady Maker (2021)

Fang's most significant project is Milady Maker, a collection of 10,000 generative PFP NFTs launched in August 2021. The collection features anime-inspired profile pictures in a "neochibi" style influenced by Tokyo street fashion and Y2K aesthetics.

The project synthesizes Fang's core philosophical and aesthetic principles:

• Neo-Orientalism through the collection's Japanese-inspired "neochibi" aesthetic and fashion elements
• Left-Hand Style in its deliberately childlike drawing approach
• Hypercitational Practice with each asset structured as a dense network of cultural references
• Post-Authorship principles in its collaborative creation and community-driven expansion

Milady Maker achieved significant cultural impact within crypto communities and has been adopted by prominent figures including Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin. The collection popularized Fang's concept that adopting a Milady as a profile picture wasn't merely about ownership but about participating in a collective identity and cultural movement.

As of 2025, Milady Maker has become one of the most traded NFT collections globally, with a market capitalization in the hundreds of millions.

Additional projects

Following Milady Maker's success, Fang has led Remilia in developing several other significant projects:

• Redacted Remilio Babies (2022) - A deliberately provocative companion collection to Milady that explored internet subcultures and memetic discourse

• Bonkler (2023) - An experimental finance art project featuring a year-long auction system with unique economic mechanics

• Milady Rave series (2022-Ongoing) - Global underground event programming that synthesizes hyperpop performance, breakcore DJs, and fashion pop-ups in cities including New York, Tokyo, London, and Seoul

• CHEESEWORLD (2024-Ongoing) - A collaborative AI art initiative using a custom model derived from DALL-E 3 that demonstrates post-authorship principles through community-driven creation

Writing and publications

Fang maintains a blog on Mirror.xyz under the name "Golden Light" where she publishes essays on digital art theory, internet culture, and conceptual frameworks.

Key writings include:

• "The New Net Art Manifesto" (2021)
• "Unpacking Post-Authorship" (2022)
• "Network Spirituality, Collected Commentaries" (2022)
• "Cancel Miya to me or I'll fucking kill you" (2022)
• "Bonkler: Critical Notes" (2023)
• "CHINA!" (2024) - A collaborative poetry chapbook
• "New American Art 2020-2025" (2025)

Fang's writing style blends theoretical rigor with provocative positioning and memetic language, exemplifying the post-authorship and network spirituality principles they advocate. The essays often incorporate diverse philosophical influences while maintaining accessibility through direct, conversational language.

Controversy

In May 2022, Fang became the subject of controversy when Twitter user 0xngmi published a thread demonstrating connections between Fang and the earlier Miya persona whilst alleging problematic activity regarding Miya account. The allegations prompted media coverage and temporarily affected Milady Maker's market value, before being debunked.

In response, Fang published "Admin Reveal: I said I'm just a vessel bro," acknowledging authorship of Miya as an artistic project while rejecting characterizations presented in the thread. Fang wrote: "Truthfully, I saw Miya and Sonya more as preliminary studies, not something I ever expected to see a serious audience beyond the participating subjects, let alone attention and influence among other artists in my generation."

Fang framed this controversy as demonstrating the key tensions the project had been examining: "What makes this controversy particularly fascinating is how it exemplifies the very mechanisms the project had been examining: the weaponization of identity, the collapse of nuance in digital discourse, and the impossibility of maintaining consistent selfhood across network contexts."

Following these events, Milady Maker recovered its market value, and Remilia continued to release new projects. Within the Milady community, the anniversary of the incident is commemorated as the "cancelversary."

Influence and reception

Fang's work has significantly influenced digital art discourse, particularly in areas exploring the intersection of blockchain technology, digital identity, and networked creative practice. The philosophical frameworks developed through Fang's writing and Remilia's projects have provided conceptual tools for understanding emerging forms of digital collaboration and creative production.

Remilia's approach to crypto art has been distinguished by its simultaneous engagement with serious philosophical investigation and viral meme culture, creating work that functions at multiple levels of accessibility and complexity. This has positioned Remilia as a bridge between traditional art world discourse and emerging digital culture practices.

The enduring cultural significance of Milady Maker, which has maintained value and relevance beyond typical NFT collection lifespans, demonstrates the efficacy of Fang's approach to creating digital cultural artifacts with lasting impact.