PeerDAS
PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) is a networking protocol for Ethereum that lets nodes confirm that the data published with each block is available while downloading only part of it. It was specified in Ethereum Improvement Proposal 7594 and activated on Ethereum's main network in the Fusaka upgrade on December 3, 2025.[1][2]
Background
The Dencun upgrade of March 2024 introduced "blobs" through EIP-4844, also called proto-danksharding: large packets of data attached to blocks, used mainly by layer-2 networks to post their transaction data cheaply.[3] Under that design, every node had to download every blob, which limited how much blob data the network could carry.
Design
PeerDAS extends each blob with erasure coding, adding redundant data so that the original can be reconstructed from part of the whole. The extended data is divided into columns, each distributed over its own peer-to-peer subnet, and each node is responsible for storing a fixed set of columns determined by its node ID. Nodes sample columns from their peers to check that the full data has been published, without downloading all of it.[1]
Deployment
PeerDAS was the main feature of the Fusaka upgrade. With each full node holding only about one-eighth of the blob data, it allows a theoretical increase in data capacity of up to eight times. The number of blobs per block was left unchanged at activation, with increases scheduled through later, smaller "blob-parameter-only" forks.[2] PeerDAS is a step toward full danksharding, which would further expand the number of blobs per block.[3]
In "The Cryptographic World Computer" (2026), Vitalik Buterin described PeerDAS as the point at which Ethereum "began its transition from being just a blockchain to being something much more powerful".[4]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Danny Ryan, Dankrad Feist, Francesco D'Amato, Hsiao-Wei Wang and Alex Stokes (January 12, 2024). "EIP-7594: PeerDAS - Peer Data Availability Sampling". Ethereum Improvement Proposals. Retrieved November 11, 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Fulu-Osaka (Fusaka)". ethereum.org. Retrieved November 11, 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Danksharding". ethereum.org. Retrieved November 11, 2026.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin (September 27, 2026). "The cryptographic world computer". vitalik.eth.limo. Retrieved November 11, 2026.